Per W S Jnl sanctiuons article today, prior ones due to annexation of Crimea prompted Putin to embark on strategy to buffer effect of future ones. C sanctions inflicted pain but for a limited time and in response Russia barred many Western imports which in some cases stimulated Russian domestic production. Russia's GDP has grown slower than most of developed world since then;
IMF estimates sanctions affected Russian GDP by 0.2%. In anticipation of future sanctions, Russia has diversified its exports; dramatically increased dollar reserves to almost $700M, among the world's largest; opened a major gas pipeline with China; signficantly increased trade with China; and run conservative fiscal policy such that its debt is 20% of GDP (ours is 133% of GDP). Per a Finnish official, "Russia is prepared this time". Expelling Russia from intnl finance SWIFT would inflict short-term cost but they could effect workarounds. Pry the most effective sanction would be for US to ban sale to Russia by any entity of products that contain US-source microelectronics and software. But then what would Germany do (see below).
Re who's more vulnerable to NS2 leverage, probably is Germany, being a true democracy with new Chancellor; has increased its import of gas from Russia by factor of 25% in last couple years; has highest relative fuel/energy costs among all major Euro countries; and is mothballing energy plants including nuclear at rate that far exceeds their ability to compensate through renewables.
Germany has allowed UK to fly planes over Germany for intelligence-gathering purposes but Britain's airlift of anti-tank weapons (i.e. defensive weapons) has had to fly around German airspace. So allowing them would "poke the bear"? Don't expect Germany to support any truly effective sanctions on Boris and the Boys.
I agree, RMHawk, Joe requesting OPEC to increase production to make up for US production declines, naive in extreme. Savvy negotiator, he.